Cet article étudie dans le cadre d’un modèle d’équilibre partiel à deux pays, le Nord et le Sud, les effets du changement de localisation des entreprises dans un contexte de concurrence internationale et imparfaite.
Energy poverty is a multidimensional issue, as demonstrated by a comparison between two low-income countries, Bolivia (BOL) and Côte d’Ivoire (CIV), and a high-income European country, France (FRA). These three countries represent different stages of access and energy poverty. The findings highlight the importance of considering affordability in efforts to ensure universal energy access, to prevent further exclusion and promote energy justice.
The report attempts to respond to the UN Secretary-General’s recent call for “innovative approaches and bold policy decisions” to tackle the SDGs (UN, 2023). It attributes the existing finance gap to the unrealistic assumptions of the dominant macroeconomic paradigm, which it proposes to replace with new assumptions that are better able to address the sustainability crisis. The potential effects of this new ecological policy mix are analysed using Philia 1.0, an ecological stock-flow consistent model.
Si elle ne veut pas se désintégrer sous la pression de multiples crises internes et externes, l’Europe politique doit adapter sa gouvernance économique aux défis qui l’attendent. Certaines formes de coordination économique peuvent émerger dans le cadre juridique actuel, d’autres exigeraient une réforme des traités européens.
This study investigates the dynamic relationship between climate extreme events, conflicts, and internal displacement in Burkina Faso. Using monthly data on floods, storms, violent and non-violent conflicts, and demonstrations from 2018 to 2022, the analysis shows that, unlike storms, floods have affected all regions of the country. This study highlights the need for effective conflict management policies and climate measures to mitigate the effects of extreme events in Burkina Faso.
This article looks at how to make fiscal, monetary and prudential policies greener in order to address the massive financing needs and major risks associated with climate change.
Starting with the observation, based on the recent experience of the financial and health crises, that the separate and independent implementation of monetary and fiscal policies undermines their effectiveness, this study also shows the need for, and strategic role of, a green policy mix that ensures the coordination of fiscal, monetary, and prudential policies to meet the challenges of climate change.
Agglomeration bonuses (ABs) are payments conditional on the contiguity of landowners’ conservation areas. It is widely accepted that, by encouraging landowners to cooperate, ABs promote more cost-effective biodiversity conservation than instruments targeting landowners individually. This article challenges this conclusion by studying the impacts of different AB designs, some of which explicitly aim to enhance cooperation while others do not. Specifically, we study whether differentiating the bonuses between internal (within-landholding) and external (between-landholdings) boundaries affects AB cost-effectiveness. Using an economic-ecological model and game theory, our simulations on realistic landscapes show that differentiating the two bonuses (in favor of internal ones) generally increases AB cost-effectiveness. The two bonuses are indeed largely substitutable, with internal outperforming external bonuses. However, when the regulator’s budget is tight, external bonuses can complement internal ones at the margin. The complexity of compensation between plots belonging to different landholdings is a key element in explaining these patterns. Given this complexity, the most cost-effective schemes are characterized by little or no cooperation between landowners. Regarding policy, we conclude that differentiated ABs are cost-effective schemes that should be part of the regulators’ toolbox.
Bioenergies from dedicated crops or wood have faced substantial criticisms due to their significant land requirements. Certain bioenergy pathways, such as biogas generated from crop residues, manure, or food waste, appear to be exempt from this criticism. However, these feedstocks are byproducts of agricultural activities that generate emissions not covered by current climate policies in most countries.
Dans tous les domaines de nos vies et face aux nouvelles fractures (climatiques et écologiques, du travail ou de santé, numériques ?) mais aussi de façon plus philosophique voire politique, et en la reliant à quelques-unes des grandes notions de notre époque, cet ouvrage explore les potentiels et la modernité d’une idée dans toute la force de sa jeunesse : la mutualisation.
This paper studies the long-term consequences of a zero-growth regime on the evolution of employment and unemployment, depending on the assumptions we can make concerning the evolution of the working population, labor productivity and working hours. These consequences are examined through three scenarios. This leads us to conclude that the goal of full employment would be put under greater strain by demographic growth (if this were to persist), than by productivity gains (if these were to persist). Admittedly, a sufficiently rapid individual reduction in working hours can counter the negative effects on employment of these two trends combined. But productivity gains are the only way to keep per-capita wages constant.
