The world economy is not anymore a multipolar world, but clearly tends towards a bipolar one since the global trade war launched by Donald Trump with a major confrontation between US and China. For the future the four European scenarios presented are unequally likely or desirable. 

To improve the management of the public water supply service in the city of Chennai, the French utility company Veolia provided to Chennai Metro Water technical assistance from 2002 to 2006, under the institutional support of an international donor, the World Bank.  This case illustrates how instilling managerial and technical changes in public water utilities...

To improve the management of the public water supply service in the city of Chennai, the French utility company Veolia provided to Chennai Metro Water technical assistance from 2002 to 2006, under the institutional support of an international donor, the World Bank.  This case illustrates how instilling managerial and technical changes in public water utilities...

The purpose of this study is to reveal how the urban market for off-grid energy production in the hybrid domain developed in the Indian context and to critically reflect on this phenomenon.

Cette thèse examine les conditions économiques dans lesquelles l’hydrogène vert peut être efficacement déployé pour accompagner la transition énergétique des secteurs industriels difficiles à...  

Urban green spaces improve quality of life, but may reduce car space. We first propose a theoretical model to analyze this trade-off. Positive global willingness-to-pay (WTP) is observed for scenarios that improve biodiversity and air cooling with minimal loss of car space, while negative WTP arises when car space is greatly reduced without substantial...

This article examines the financial performance of French solidarity-based investment funds, also known as "90-10 funds", which combine 90% responsible listed assets and 10% solidarity assets from Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) enterprises. 

This one-day workshop took place on 19th May 2025 and brought together researchers working on the design, evaluation, and impact of climate policies aimed at fostering the development and diffusion of low-carbon technologies. Access the slides for each presentation and a summary of the event.

The aim of this article is to demonstrate that the “Corporate Welfare” policies are embedded in a complex, dynamic and unstable mode of regulation.

Une étude menée sur 305 entreprises cotées en France, en Allemagne, au Royaume-Uni et au Japon, met en lumière l’influence du conseil d’administration sur la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES). Une empreinte surtout prégnante dans les entreprises les plus émettrices.

 In this paper, we analyze the role of firms in mitigating climate change through their model of corporate governance. Our findings vary depending on the high- or low-emission sector. Based on these results, we propose several managerial and policy implications that can help improve corporate climate performance.

In situations of water shortage and unreliability of the public water supply service, the rehabilitation of old water supply systems could constitute an additional source of supply. The chapter questions both the rationale of their rehabilitation and the state of nowledge associated with their use, based on the example of the old city of Ahmedabad in...

Hydrogen valleys, which integrate renewable energy sources, hydrogen infrastructure, and end-use applications, play a crucial role in decarbonizing industrial energy hubs. However, the large-scale deployment of hydrogen is constrained by limited renewable electricity availability and high technology costs. A key insight from our analysis is that the merit order of hydrogen end-uses is dynamic, evolving...

On February 7, we hosted the 11th International Conference on Mobility Challenges, where we engaged with leading academics, stakeholders from the automotive industry, civil...  

Cet article propose une analyse comparative d’un fonds solidaire « 90-10 » recherchant principalement la performance financière (fonds « A ») et d’un fonds solidaire spécialisé (fonds « B »), privilégiant la création d’impacts positifs sans performance financière. Ces fonds combinent les notions d’impact et de solidarité de manière hybride : communication d’une part, pratiques de financement et de sélection d’autre...

Grass-based beef cattle production systems are generally perceived as beneficial to the environment. However, the climate impact of grass-based systems compared to systems based on energy-dense feeds remains controversial. The findings highlight potential trade-offs between climate goals and other sustainability objectives (e.g., biodiversity, animal welfare).

La transparence : une condition nécessaire à la réorientation des investissements vers une économie bas carbone, mais pas suffisante. Quels sont les déterminants qui influencent la transparence climatique des firmes européennes ?

A new approach to the teaching of ethics to prevent conflicts of interest and capture. 

The recent inclusion of second-hand EV subsidies in several countries raises questions about their economic rationale. Contrary to conventional thinking, we show that while subsidies for second-hand EVs are often justified on equity grounds, they also improve efficiency as they influence the equilibrium composition of the vehicle fleet.

This article explores the critical role of energy in shaping capitalist modes of development, and their entry into crisis, in France between 1960 and 2020. This analysis challenges traditional views that regard energy primarily as an exogenous shock and instead posits energy as a fundamental metabolic constraint in capitalist accumulation regimes and proves that neoliberalism's...

Herein we study carbon taxation considering the structure of the global production network. With this purpose we characterize how the implementation of a carbon tax in one country-sector can generate sizeable fluctuations on global emissions and welfare through its impact on the structure of production.

In this study, we empirically estimate the impact of quality regulation based on economic incentives on the frequency and duration of power outages. Our results show that on average, private firms had a better quality performance, but the worst performing firms in the region were also private. Our results advocate for more quality regulation.

Balancing development and climate sustainability is a critical issue confronting nations worldwide. This is the core focus of our new journal, Development and Sustainability in Economics and Finance (DSEF). This article provides an initial overview of the type of research DSEF seeks to publish.

This paper studies climate-related central bank communication using a novel dataset containing 35,487 speeches delivered by 131 central banks from 1986 to 2023. It employs natural language processing techniques to identify and trace the evolution of key climate-related narratives centred around (i) green finance, and (ii) climate-related financial risks. Equity returns of "green" firms outperform those of "dirty" firms...

This paper leverages a new method in the construction of credible counterfactuals for causal inference. This paper adopts a Bayesian structural time series (BSTS) modeling framework alongside a set of contemporaneous predictors related to power sector emissions to build counterfactual estimates of emissions for each post-intervention period and analyze the policy implementation effect by...

Cet article étudie dans le cadre d’un modèle d’équilibre partiel à deux pays, le Nord et le Sud, les effets du changement de localisation des entreprises dans un contexte de concurrence internationale et imparfaite. 

Energy poverty is a multidimensional issue, as demonstrated by a comparison between two low-income countries, Bolivia (BOL) and Côte d’Ivoire (CIV), and a high-income European country, France (FRA). These three countries represent different stages of access and energy poverty. The findings highlight the importance of considering affordability in efforts to ensure universal energy access, to...

The report attempts to respond to the UN Secretary-General's recent call for "innovative approaches and bold policy decisions" to tackle the SDGs (UN, 2023). It attributes the existing finance gap to the unrealistic assumptions of the dominant macroeconomic paradigm, which it proposes to replace with new assumptions that are better able to address the...

Si elle ne veut pas se désintégrer sous la pression de multiples crises internes et externes, l’Europe politique doit adapter sa gouvernance économique aux défis qui l’attendent. Certaines formes de coordination économique peuvent émerger dans le cadre juridique actuel, d’autres exigeraient une réforme des traités européens.

This study investigates the dynamic relationship between climate extreme events, conflicts, and internal displacement in Burkina Faso. Using monthly data on floods, storms, violent and non-violent conflicts, and demonstrations from 2018 to 2022, the analysis shows that, unlike storms, floods have affected all regions of the country. This study highlights the need for effective conflict management...

This article looks at how to make fiscal, monetary and prudential policies greener in order to address the massive financing needs and major risks associated with climate change.

Starting with the observation, based on the recent experience of the financial and health crises, that the separate and independent implementation of monetary and fiscal policies undermines...

Agglomeration bonuses (ABs) are payments conditional on the contiguity of landowners’ conservation areas. It is widely accepted that, by encouraging landowners to cooperate, ABs promote more cost-effective biodiversity conservation than instruments targeting landowners individually. This article challenges this conclusion by studying the impacts of different AB designs, some of which explicitly aim to enhance...

This paper studies the long-term consequences of a zero-growth regime on the evolution of employment and unemployment, depending on the assumptions we can make concerning the evolution of the working population, labor productivity and working hours. These consequences are examined through three scenarios. This leads us to conclude that the goal...

Les pratiques de mobilité des Français. Graphiques de novembre 2024 issus d’une analyse avec Fabien Perez (SDES) à partir des données de l’enquête mobilité des personnes (EMP) de 2019. 

Despite extensive research on sustainable business models and the development of various tools to facilitate their implementation, barriers persist particularly concerning the governance of a local ecosystem of actors. We identify that a facilitating public policy framework combined with internal institutional, strategic and operational drivers linked to the governance of local ecosystems is crucial...

This thesis mainly contributes to the literature on the circular economy by providing a strategic vision of the process of securing secondary resources in circular projects. The thesis also has managerial implications by offering insights into the governance mechanisms, territorial dynamics, and market arrangements that underpin successful circular economy initiatives.

This paper explores the potential contribution of Sustainability-linked Money Creation (SMC) to sustainable economic policies. Our simulations suggest that, in comparison to a baseline scenario, SMC issues could potentially constitute an anti-inflationary, counter-cyclical green transition policy, that increases biomimetic resilience and contains income and wealth inequalities. We finally discuss the policy implications, as well...

The publication aims at anwsering the following questions :

This paper advances the issue about the richest people contributing disproportionately to the increase in CO2 emissions, and thus to global warming by providing robust econometric validity. The method aims at. examining the effect of wealth accumulation on carbon emissions. Our regression estimates support the hypothesis that wealth concentration significantly increases carbon...

This paper explores the implications of ecosystemic macroprudential regulations on sustainability in an ecological PK-SFC framework. The results of the paper highlight the relevance of ecosystemic prudential regulation to tackle climate change and call for adopting a holistic approach to sustainability policies.

We analyze the impact of agricultural productivity growth on tropical deforestation. Our dynamic model of forest-to-farmland, addressing the Jevons’ paradox and Borlaug hypothesis, predicts that rising agricultural productivity, reflected by declining fertilizer price growth, has an ambiguous effect on deforestation. Using tropical forest loss data (2000-2022) and fertilizer price variations, we find a negative...

We analyze the effects of power constraints on manufacturing firms’ TFPR. Statistically, the power constraints treatment variable is not random for the firms. Power constraints negatively and significantly affect firm-level TFPR. Average productivity 11% lower for exposed firms compared to unexposed firms. The acquisition of backup generators or investment in R&D mitigates this...

This paper investigates the impact of electrification on household practices related to deforestation in Côte d’Ivoire, specifically focusing on the expansion of arable farms and the use of biomass fuels.  

Looking at the relationship between electrification and the expansion of arable farms inspired by Angelsen and studying  data from the latest four waves of the household Living Standards...

Alors que notre époque est marquée par l’urgence climatique, la transition écologique peine à s’enclencher. L’ouvrage plaide pour concerter la transition écologique et engager l'ensemble de la société dans la construction d’un avenir commun. Semblable à un processus constituant, ce changement d’approche vise à construire un nouveau contrat écologique, un compromis de société qui décloisonne les questions...

This article reviews the epistemological debates about functionalism in ecology. While identifying current area of scientific validity, t emphasizes, in particular, that functionalism depends on the system examined and remains inapplicable wherever singularity prevails. 

The economic agent was previously assumed to be distinct from its environment and that nothing was forcing him to act on it. With the ecological crisis, every agent appears to be inserted into an environment, which he modifies in an irreversible way without even having decided to do so. This changes in depth the...

We examine the efficiency of a subsidy to cattle farmers for setting aside land for natural ecosystem regeneration. We develop a partial equilibrium model of the cattle sector that integrates land use, greenhouse gas emissions, and animal feeding. We identify conditions under which the subsidy is the best alternative to these other second-best policies.

We study the macroeconomic impact of climate action policy that would allow France to reach its net zero objective by 2050. Contrary to the findings of a report commissioned by the French Prime Minister, our simulations show that these investments are likely to generate economic growth and reduce public debt.

We document the relationship between rural–urban migration and energy poverty in South Africa. Our findings show that migrants to urban areas experience significant reductions in energy poverty, particularly in the use of traditional cooking fuels. Our study also explores energy poverty outcomes for both sending and receiving households, gender differences among migrants, and other amenities.

The distribution of the footprint within a country is regularly computed using consumption data, and with the assumption that the footprint from a product category is proportional to the spending on that product. Here, we explore the limitations of this proportionality assumption.

This thesis highlights the complex relationships between electrification, deforestation, and economic development in developing countries.

In September 2020, the city of Bogotá introduced a major market-based reform to its odd-even driving restriction. The big winners of the reform are middle-income individuals who now use their cars more often, whereas the big losers are high-income individuals who now spend more time in traffic.

Adopting disruptive technologies for decarbonizing hard-to-abate industrial sectors requires experimentation through demonstration (pilot) projects. However, from an economic perspective, the potential long-term benefits and the difficulties in designing relevant public policies are not addressed in the standard valuations of those projects.

Extracting, processing, and delivering energy requires energy itself, which reduces the net energy available to society and yields considerable socioeconomic implications. Yet, most mitigation pathways and transition models overlook net energy feedbacks.

The 2008 and Covid crises have led to increasing public debts and to the launching of unconventional economic policies. Thanks to a complete description of the balance sheets of the domestic and foreign agents, stock-flow consistent (SFC) modelling was well equipped to evaluate their economic consequences. 

Using an empirical stock-flow consistent (SFC) model for the French economy, we simulate an imported inflationary shock to emulate the current inflation situation and analyze the resulting macroeconomic impacts on the French economy. Two possible responses are considered: increased wage per capita so as to preserve workers’ purchasing power, increased margins by firms in order to restore their...

The failure of market mechanisms to respect the carbon budget, to assess climate-based financial risks, and to reallocate financial flows on a more sustainable greenhouse gas emission pathway call for strong public interventions and for a strong involvement of both central banks and regulators in the structural change of finance.

This article analyses the integration of climate issues into corporate governance. Based on data from the 2019 CDP survey, it shows that FTSE100, HDAX, and SBF120 companies use similar control and incentive mechanisms to ensure the transparency of climate information, despite some specificities related to their legal and institutional environments. The paper identifies some shortcomings and makes recommendations to...

This paper reviews the evidence from the recent literature regarding the impact of electricity on rural households. The authors' reading of the currently available evidence suggests that while access to electricity is necessary to support local economic development and stimulate a more inclusive labor market, it is however not sufficient.

Electric batteries and fuel cells (hydrogen) are competing technologies for the energy transition in heavy transportation. This paper shows that the existence of a market niche for fuel-cell electric buses (FCEBs) can be obtained depending on the values of a limited set of key parameters.

Several European governments implemented a generalized gasoline subsidy in the face of inflation following the Ukrainian crisis. In contrast, reducing fossil fuel consumption is crucial to mitigate the current energy and climate crises. Fuel consumption for transport increases with income, making rich households the main beneficiaries of generalized subsidies. In this context, a thorough...

This PhD thesis focuses on a recent and rapidly spreading, but highly diverse phenomenon: the integration of climate and environemntal issues by central bankers. To do so, the author draws from different approaches in order to understand what drives (some) central banks to embrace this issue, why they do so and...

Un modèle économétrique SFC de l'économie française est présenté pour étudier les effets des politiques monétaires non-conventionnelles et l'impact d'une version simple de la monnaie électronique banque centrale. Différentes formes de politiques monétaires non conventionnelles sont évaluées.

This paper examines the contribution of SFC modelling to the definition of a green policy mix that would facilitate the implementation of a climate transition policy.

An imperfectly-informed regulator needs to procure multiple units of some good that can be produced with heterogeneous technologies at various costs. How should it optimally procure these units? We find that one size does not fit all: the preferred instrument depends on the costs of the available technologies, their degree of substitutability, the extent of information asymmetry,...

Akil Amiraly (i3-CRG) et Mansoureh Hasannia Kolaee (Laval University), et leur co-auteurs Peter Kasaija (Makerere University) et Nathalie Prime (ESCP) ont reçu le premier prix du Global case writing competition 2023 du William Davidson Institute (Michigan University) pour l’étude de cas « Electric Moto Taxis Innovation in Low-Income Countries: A Rider's Perspective in Kampala...

Recent recovery plans, associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic and the energy transition, increased the funding available to finance innovative low‐carbon projects and called for an economic evaluation of their allocation. This paper analyzes the potential benefit of using repayable advance: a lump‐sum payment to finance the project that is paid back in case of...

Climate transparency through firms' disclosures is often considered a prerequisite for the redirection of investments toward low-carbon economy. In order to provide effective incentives to improve this transparency, it is therefore crucial to identify its drivers.

Our analysis of the Climate Risks and Opportunities Index (CRORI) and the CDP climate score reveal a parallel improvement of these indices with different sectoral disparities over the 2015–2019 period. While our results are encouraging, they need to be put into perspective because these firms are still far from being carbon neutral.

Le vendredi 23 juin 2023, la Chaire Énergie et Prospérité organisait un séminaire consacré au thème de l’(in)efficience, des marchés financiers face à la transition écologique, dans ses dimensions informationnelle et allocationnelle.

Our findings suggest a new dimension of the natural resource curse: the fragmentation of identities, between ethnic groups and nations.

We examine in this paper sustainability-linked bonds (SLBs) whose issuance now totals more than USD 200 bn. There is a structural design flaw in the SLB mechanism: setting a significant coupon step-up does not suit the issuer’s nor the investors’ interests, considering conditionality. This creates a no win situation for the issuer and investors alike and explains the “benign”...

Les pays africains aspirent à un développement industriel pour diversifier leurs exportations, actuellement concentrées en ressources naturelles. Cependant, l'électrification et le renforcement de la compétitivité des entreprises nationales restent un défi lorsqu'elles font face à la concurrence des importations, notamment celle chinoise.

Understanding the mechanisms of deforestation is necessary in order to slow or arrest its progress. To accomplish this requires rigorously estimating the demand for deforestation. We contribute to this endeavor by estimating the effect of crop prices on the demand for conversion of land from forest to agriculture in the tropics during the 21st...

The present paper addresses the issue of sectoral policy coordination, especially when Pigovian carbon pricing is unavailable. It analyzes the optimal allocation of mitigation effort among two vertically connected sectors, an upstream (e.g. electricity) and a downstream (e.g. transportation) one.

The paper examines the relevant cost benefit framework for state agencies investigating the potential of local projects to mitigate climate change. We propose a new metric that incorporates into the analytical framework the dynamic interactions between the project and its continuation.

Many studies have investigated the carbon footprint of households. Here we open a new field by discussing the emissions that individuals enable by providing labor and capital to companies, using the framework of income-based (downstream) responsibility. Our results show that inequalities in emissions do not strongly interact with economic inequality. Yet they are gendered...

Sectors that are considered to be subject to international competition under the European Emission Trading Scheme (EU-ETS) still benefit from free allocation of European Allowances (EUAs). Herein we study one of those beneficiaries: the crude steel industry. Our findings suggest the EU-ETS has failed to provide incentives for decarbonization in this sector.

We address the long-standing challenge of adding optimal exploration to the classic Hotelling model of a non-renewable resource. We prove that a frontier of critical levels of proven reserves exists, above which exploration ceases, and below which it proceeds at infinite speed.

This article identifies supply and demand shocks in the oil and gas market using monthly data (from January 2008 to December 2021) and explores their impact on clean energy stock returns in Europe. Our results show that a negative gas supply shock positively affects clean energy stocks, while a negative shock in global oil supply does not have...

In this study, we analyse how access to electricity affects children’s well-being in Rwanda through the allocation of their time in the different activities of domestic production and their leisure time.

Experimental economics offers the possibility to study the behavior of economic agents in ideal conditions, as it allows for the complete control of the environment of participants. This thesis presents results from several field experiments, as well as their contributions to the literature.

This paper is now published inside the thesis "Electrification, environnement et développement économique dans les pays en développement".

This paper studies energy demand determinants and energy poverty in Morocco and assess to which extent the adoption of PV panels could help achieve a just energy transition.

Read the full thesis "Electrification, environnement et développement économique dans les pays en développement"

In its 2021 strategy review, the European Central Bank's Governing Council unanimously decided to make climate change one of its priorities for the coming years. In this article, we try to understand how this change was achieved.

Several researchers argue that the root cause of today’s ecological disaster is not the anthropos, but the way we have been organizing the global economy through capitalism. It follows that we would be living in the Capitalocene rather than the Anthropocene. In this article, we demonstrate that the Capitalocene concept suffers from four intrinsic flaws

This paper analyzes the optimal reward scheme in an organization involving agents with social preferences whose tasks are complementary.

Developing countries are advancing towards universal energy access with high fertility rates and young population. Socio-demographic and economic evolutions will influence future energy consumption patterns. Herein, we use Mexico as a case study to estimate determinants of residential electricity consumption as well as the importance that a shift in generational preferences has on such...

A first version of an econometric SFC model of the French economy based on the accumulation accounts from INSEE and on the financial accounts of the Bank of France has been presented (Mazier and Reyes, 2022). It provides the overall structure, the main equations and the basic properties of the model. This paper is...

Reyes and Mazier present a first version of an econometric stock flow consistent (SFC) model of the French economy – an aggregate model with a single product, five domestic agents and the rest of the world with a complete representation of real and financial sectors in stocks and flows.

An econometric SFC model of the French economy is presented. The structure of the model is analogous to that of already existing national-level SFC models. The dynamic
simulations on the past over the period 1996-2019 provide acceptable results. In a second part the effects of unconventional monetary policy are evaluated such as the distribution of
helicopter money in...

Corporate disclosures related to climate risks are one of the ways to fight climate change by improving financial transparency for investors. An initial assessment, five years after the COP 21, of the climate disclosure practices of French companies (CAC 40) 2015-2019 will be presented. While the results are encouraging, they need to be put into...

We develop an algorithm called M.I.D.A.S. (Italian Day-Ahead Market Solver) that simulates by iterative splitting the hourly equilibrium (price-quantity) of the Italian day-ahead market taking into account all transmission constraints between zones and the import from neighbouring countries. The algorithm is employed to study the sensitivity of equilibria to changes in production from units employing variable renewable sources, notably...

Article published in Energies 2022, 15. Investments into wind generation may be hampered by revenues uncertainty caused by the natural variability of the resource, the...  

In this paper, we examine how central banks and financial supervisors are approaching the topic of BRFR in relation to climate-related financial risk. We argue that policymakers should focus upon the broader concept of systemic environmental-financial risks to account for the interactions and trade-offs between both domains of biodiversity and climate change.

This article studies the exploitation of recyclable exhaustible resources such as metals that are crucial for the energy transition or phosphorus that is crucial for agricultural production. We use a standard Hotelling model of resource exploitation that includes a primary sector and a recycling sector.

While the ecological crisis is usually presented as a confrontation between mankind and nature, there remains a third term that it is imperative to keep in mind: technology. Technology appears as made up of two fronts, which must be considered jointly: mediation with nature, and mediation with man himself.

Central bank independence (CBI) has often been presented as a superior institutional arrangement demonstrated by economists in the 1980s for achieving a common good in a non-partisan manner. In this article, we argue that this view must be challenged.   The growing gap between theory and practices makes plausible a further shift...

The objective of the conference was to improve our understanding of the interaction between climate and innovation policies in this multi-layer governance landscape by bringing together scholars in economics working on innovation policies, multilateral agreements, and sectoral climate policies.

This paper studies the gains and losses incurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. A comparison between the gains and losses triggered by both the pandemic and the lockdown indicates that an excess profits tax imposed on the ‘winners’ could partly compensate the ‘losers’ of the same sector.

Based on the 2018 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios, this article studies the credit risk sensitivity of 795 international companies to carbon prices.

Using the IPCC (2018) medium (2024) and long-term (2060) scenarios, this study analyzes the credit risk sensitivity of 763 international companies.

The aim of this work was to develop a robust transition model that should be able to provide information on public policies to avoid either an attractive equilibrium with fossil fuel-intensive capital only, or a collapse due to a climate-induced Minsky moment

On Dec 9-10, 2021, the annual International Conference on Mobility Challenges provided an outstanding opportunity to bring together researchers, industry experts and policy makers to discuss these issues. This note gives a summary of the debate.

Article accepted in the Revue d’Economie Industrielle Hydrogen is a possible alternative to the internal combustion engine, alongside battery-powered vehicles, in the context of reducing greenhouse...  

In this article, we build on four methods to show that Art. 2.1(c) of the Paris Agreement comprises a new meaning of ‘finance’ under the United Nations negotiations. Implementation of Art. 2.1(c) requires engagement by governments and non-state actors, including the financial sector. 

This paper investigate in particular how child labor varies depending on the nature of electricity supply and the electrical appliances used in the household. We find that the employment probability of children from electrified households is lower than that of children living in non-electrified households only when the household combines grid access and a generator as...

This paper investigates the design of a recent regulatory proposal aimed at favoring the emergence of a
battery recycling industry in Europe. It develops a material flow model that projects battery wastes and their recycling potential. Our findings indicate that the feasibility of the European Commission proposed thresholds is not very sensitive to changes of material intensities...

Download the presentations by the participants of the international conference on mobility challenges, organized on December 9 and 10, 2021, by the Energy and Prosperity Chair, in partnership with the Armand Peugeot Chair and the Climate Economics Chair.

In this article, we seek to decipher the forces at work in the deconstruction of the myth of a central bank solely dedicated to preserving the value of money and disconnected from major societal issues and debates. We develop the idea that since the financial crisis, central banks have been re-engaging their politics in...

In closing its economic gap with emerging markets, Côte d’Ivoire will face a substantial increase in electricity demand over the next three decades. This paper develops a forward-looking tool to explore electricity technology investment paths compatible with both rapidly increasing electricity demand and the Paris Agreement.

An innovative modelling framework and metrics are developed to assess the economic and environmental performances of regional incentives in the wood energy sector. Our approach is based on the coupling between a partial equilibrium economic model of the forest sector with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Its originality relies on the computation of regional eco-efficiency...

This article demonstrates that the green bond cannot constitute an incentive to carry out a green project.

We propose an exploratory and theoretical study which introduces how and why a particular and innovative ecological accounting approach, the CARE model, currently called upon by a growing number of practitioners and researchers, is a relevant framework to re-conceptualise the issue of climate finance

The article examines the relationship between a household's income and its carbon emissions (the carbon footprint). It is found that, generally, the carbon footprint grows less rapidly than expenditure, and confirms that the income elasticity is lower than the expenditure elasticity

We examine the interactions between growth in CO2 emissions, economic production, and energy use at the global and multi-regional levels over the period 1990–2014. Among our findings, our results suggest that policy effectiveness could be gained if a country’s climate actions were coordinated with the other geographies most affected by their consequences, providing valuable...

This paper follows Harvie and Grasselli and Maheshwari's research program in testing both Goodwin's predator–prey model and the extension proposed by van der Ploeg. The aim of this paper is to provide a guideline for the bloc estimation and the backtesting strategy that can be applied to such a class of continuous-time non-linear macroeconomic...

Using textual analysis methods, we study how the topic of climate change has appeared and evolved in the speeches of the ECB's Executive Board members since 1997.

This article studies how institutional dynamics might affect and be affected by the implementation of climate-related financial policies.

This article point out why current banking regulation is not adequate to face risks whose origin is grounded outside financial markets and offer avenues for reforming macroprudential regulation.

L'objectif de cet article est de faire un état des lieux des travaux sur la finance durable à travers une analyse bibliométrique de la base de données WoS entre 1981 et 2018.

We assess the impact of environmental externalities on portfolio decisions in a lab-inthe-field experiment on finance professionals and students. Subjects show pro-environmental preferences, with...  

Finance is vital for the green energy transition, but access to low cost finance is uneven as the cost of capital differs substantially between regions. This study shows how modelled decarbonisation pathways for developing economies are disproportionately impacted by different weighted average cost of capital (WACC) assumptions.

Article published in Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice Congestion and local air pollution continue to be a serious problem in many cities around...  

This article provides a panorama of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission inequalities between French households. It presents in a detailed and critical manner the methodological...  

This paper tries to fill this gap of research on the significance and evolution of renewable energy crowdfunding by providing a bibliometric analysis of academic work on renewable energy crowdfunding.

The article presents a ‘precautionary’ financial policy approach to deal with Climate-related financial risks instead of the current framework which largely focuses on market-based solutions

This paper explores in which proportion the economy-wide rebound could erode expected energy savings from improved energy efficiency.

This paper demonstrates that the offshoring of a dirty firm as compared to the offshoring of a clean firm is worse for the environment, better for northern consumers, and better for the domestic profits. The results are reversed in case of reshoring.

We investigate the real effects of mandatory climate-related disclosure by financial institutions on the funding of carbon-intensive industries.

You can download here the speakers presentations and the report of the panel session.

Achieving the energy shift requires an evolution of the structural and financial structures to develop, finance, and deploy low-carbon assets. Based on a historical and prospective approach, this PhD thesis develops four essays devoted to an analysis of the viability of the energy shift within the framework of a structural approach.

The focus of this thesis is the French renewable energy crowdfunding sector because it has experienced a strong growth in the context of a favorable regulatory environment. I conduct a case study of a French crowdfunding platform specialized in renewable energy projects to better understand its business model and the risks associated with it.

This paper investigates a case in which, on paper, the green lights were everywhere. Yet after more than 10 years of existence, the program remains in a stalemate status.The paper identifies three main organiszational barriers.

After discussing the weaknesses of the aggregated statistical approach to estimate economic damage, we conclude that, if these functions cannot reasonably be trusted for such a large cooling, they should not be considered to provide relevant information on potential damage in the case of a warming of similar magnitude, as projected in the case...

Les documents en lien avec la thèse d'Aurélien Bigo "Les transports face au défi de la transition énergétique. Explorations entre passé et avenir, technologie et sobriété, accélération et ralentissement" sont présentés sur cette page

We assume that a project requires an initial outlay and may either succeed or fail. The probability of success depends on its type and...  

This article examines the merits of making aid conditional on environmental efforts.

This article aims to analyse the compliance of CAC 40 firms with the recommendations of the Task Force on Climate‐related Financial Disclosures.

This article conducts a bibliometric analysis of the academic publications on the financing of renewable energies referenced in Web of Science up to June 2018. Our analysis reveals 11 main clusters. We highlight the fact that a majority of the sample focuses on market-based policy instruments used to support renewable energy development.

This paper examines the cost competitiveness of an extra-large-scale (275,000 m³/d) solar-powered desalination, taking as a case study the Chtouka Ait Baha plant in Morocco.

In this article we use the recent Covid-19 crisis to investigate what motivates individuals in their decisions to deal with two externalities, namely disease transmission, in particular social distancing, and the willingness to undertake green expenditure.

In "Why environmental management may yield no-regret pollution abatement options", Ecological Economics, 2009, Bréchet and Jouvet claim to have theoretically shown that profits maximizing firms can reduce pollution compared to laissez-faire and increase their profits. We correct multiple errors in their paper, with the conclusion that their claim no longer stands.

The aim of this article is to identify the conditions under which teleworking leads to a net reduction in economy-wide energy consumption, and the circumstances where benefits may be outweighed by unintended impacts.

This report uses the cost-benefit analysis framework to assess the economic efficiency of the Zero Emission Valley, both from the private and public perspectives, compared to a diesel mobility status quo scenario.

Download the report of the workshop organised by the Chair Energy and Prosperity

This note identifies the two major handicaps to be overcome by the hydrogen sector in transport and uses the example of buses to illustrate the public policies that can overcome these obstacles.

This article examines the role of sustainable finance and investment in Japan and how the Japanese financial sector can mitigate growing climate risks and support Japan's transition towards a zero-carbon, sustainable economy.

Find the program and the report of the international conference "Energy to Empower Emerging Africa" held in Morocco on 5 and 6 March 2020.

Article published in Industrial Relations (Avril 2020) This article examines the relationship between corporate governance and corporate sustainability by focusing on an essential component...  

This study compares and quantifies the potentials of 5 drivers of transport CO2 emissions reductions within French prospective scenarios by 2050.

This article studies the contribution of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to a low carbon economy.

This working paper analyzes the impact of indirect network effects in the deployment of zero emission vehicles in a static partial equilibrium model.

To what extent can worldwide carbon pricing foster the transition towards a low-carbon economy and mitigate the effects of global warming? We address this question by assessing the financial impacts and macroeconomic implications of carbon pricing and public subsidies.

The article contributes to the literature on the Great Divergence by providing a review of all deep-rooted and proximate causes of economic growth.

Pioneer investigations of the economic consequences of ethnic diversity – a ubiquitous feature of African societies – found a strong and negative correlation. The...  

This dissertation offers a transdisciplinary modeling approach to feed the debates raised by the long-run availability of mineral materials. It investigates the plausibility of a depletion threat posed to key metal resources within the current century.

We develop an open-source Python software integrating flexibility needs from Variable Renewable Energies (VREs) in the development of regional energy mixes. It provides a flexible and extensible tool to researchers/engineers, and for education/outreach.

The dynamics of copper production is modeled with a prey–predator approach linking the evolution of reserves to that of industrial wealth.

This paper analyses the drivers of French transport CO2 emissions over the period 1960-2017. A decomposition analysis is used to evaluate the relative contribution of five key drivers of passenger and freight transports emissions: transport demand, modal shift, vehicle load factor, energy efficiency and carbon intensity of the energy.

This paper aims to review the growing, though limited, body of literature that has emerged in the late 2000s to study the quantitative determinants of RE development at a country level.

Article published in Climatic Change (2019) The finance sector’s response to pressures around climate change has emphasized disclosure, notably through the recommendations of the...  

the primary motivation for this dissertation is to explore the concepts of social capital, relational capabilities, subjective well-being and development, and especially the linkages between them.

The development of new technologies to address the challenges of decarbonized mobility in cities, such as hybrid, battery or fuel cell technologies, suffer from...  

Implementation of big innovative projects is often subject to big financing problems. On the one hand, the possibly profitable project can require an outstanding...  

Is electricity a vehicle of children and women empowerment in poor rural areas of the developing world? In this paper we approach the question...  

Based on content analysis of firms’ reference documents over 2015-2017, this article examines CAC 40 firms’ compliance with the recommendations of TCFD by building a new index to measure the disclosure of environmental information.

This article analyzes the trade-off between yield and farmed area when a valuable species is affected by agricultural practices.

This paper is an introduction to climate change risk for the financial sector (banks and investors). It aims to provide financial professionals, researchers and policymakers in the area of banking and investment with a snapshot of the current state of the art and guidance on the relevant literature to go further. 

This article provides a knowledge-based and energy-centred unified growth model of the transition from limited to sustained economic growth.

This paper studies whether and how a country's environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance relates to its sovereign borrowing costs in international capital markets.

Using Brazil’s industrial structure and its interdependence, we evaluate the minimal changes in final demand that are needed to achieve their NDC and study the impacts that such changes could cause to the employment by industry in the country. 

This paper follows van der Ploeg (1987)’s research program in testing both its extension of Goodwin (1967)’s predator-prey model and the Minsky Financial Instability Hypothesis (FIH) proposed by Keen (1995).

This article shows that several minimum exergy return ratios (ExRRs) can be computed in relation to different aggregate exergy conversion efficiencies.

This article analyzes the transition dynamics, what Hicks called the traverse, from one equilibrium toward another one—and the conditions for such a transfer—in a bi-sectoral economy under technological shocks.

In this article, we design a phenomenological model of the global human population dynamics by using the gross world product (GWP) as an exogenous input variable to determine the birth rate and death rates of each age group

In this paper, we estimate for the first time how production and emissions of manufacturing firms in one country respond to foreign demand shocks in trading partner markets.

In a stock-flow consistent macrodynamic model featuring two crucial endogenous destabilizing channels, namely debt accumulation and climate change, we perform a sensitivity analysis on four fundamental parameters of the climate and economic systems.

Based on the Norwegian experience with low-carbon vehicles, the authors analyse the hydrogen plan launched by Nicolas Hulot when he was Minister for Ecological and Solidarity Transition and make several recommendations.

The purpose of this article is to reformulate a clear and in-depth state of knowledge provided by a thermo-evolutionary perspective of the economic system. It is shown that during the entire human history, energy has been central to direct the successive phases of technological change and economic development.

In their response, experts associated with the Chair emphasize the predominance of accounting standards over non-financial information to guide corporate strategies. Accounting is not neutral, and the fact that it does not integrate human and natural capital is a major obstacle to achieving the EU's sustainability objectives.

Article published in Volume 39, Special Issue 2 of The Quarterly Journal of the IAEE’s Energy Economics Education Foundation. This article empirically investigates the...  

The aim of this paper is to explain why there is insufficient long-term capital investment despite the abundant savings collected by a booming financial sector. Special attention is given to understanding the role of today’s accounting and prudential requirements.

In this paper we test for the existence of equity market contagion, originating from oil price fluctuations, to regional and domestic stock markets.

This paper examines the relationships between corporate governance and corporate sustainability by focusing on two main components of companies’ governance structure: boards of directors and investor relations officers.

this article analyzes the effect of the re-assignement of the French hydropower concessions through a competitive public procedure. It is based on the exemple of the Aspe valley, where more than 100 MW of hydro capacity is installed.

We propose a continuous-time stock-flow consistent model for inventory dynamics in an economy with firms, banks, and households.

This article seeks to investigate whether the fair value accounting may have short-termist bias on the financing of long-term investment.

Under non-exponential discounting, we develop a dynamic theory for stopping problems in continuous time. Our framework covers discount functions that induce decreasing impatience. Due to the inherent time inconsistency, we look for equilibrium stopping policies, formulated as fixed points of an operator. Under appropriate conditions, fixed-point iterations converge to equilibrium stopping policies.

How could the burden of GHG emission reduction be shared among countries? The article address this arguably basic question by purely statistical methods that do not rely on any normative judgment about the criteria according to which it should be answered.

Interconnected systems are prone to propagation of disturbances, which can undermine their resilience to external perturbations. Propagation dynamics can clearly be affected by potential time delays in the underlying processes. We investigate how such delays influence the resilience of production networks facing disruption of supply.

This thesis' goal is to study the influence of New Classical economists on macroeconomics in the 1970s, by appealing to an historiographical framework which puts at the heart the role played by the stagflation, and by confronting the results of this work to the standard narrative.

The goal of this paper is to propose and test stochastic differential equations for Goodwin’s model and one of its extension by using an estimation technique based on simulated maximum likelihood developed by Durham and Gallant (2002)

The article studies the 1978 macroeconomics conference titled “After the Phillips Curve”, where Lucas and Sargent presented their fierce attack against structural macroeconometric models, “After Keynesian Macroeconomics”. It aims at enlarging the comprehension of changes in macroeconomics in the 1970s.

The paper studies pollution permit markets in which a fraction of permits are allocated to firms based on their output. Output-based allocations, which are receiving increasing attention in the design of carbon markets around the world are shown to be optimal under demand and supply volatility despite the output distortions they may create. 

We examine to which extent the Keen model (Keen 1995) is a faithful modelling of Minsky's Finance. We conclude that the Keen crisis has few Minskian flavours.

The consumption of mineral resources and energy has increased exponentially over the last 100 years. Further growth is expected until at least the middle of the 21st century. In order to meet this demand, more metals will have to be produced by 2050 than over the last 100 years, which raises questions about the...

Realised with Jean-Pierre Ponssard, this "Cahier de l'ILB" is dedicated to sustainable mobility. It deals with various subjects : how driving restrictions affect urban pollution, carbon footprint of motor vehicles in the United States, hydrogen vehicles, the importance of strong regulation to reap the full benefits of innovation in mobility.

Social pressure can help overcome the free rider problem associated with public good provision. In the social norms literature concerned with the private provision of public goods there seems to be an implicit belief that it is best to have all agents adhere to the ‘good’ social norm. We challenge this view and study...

This study uses the global climate–economy–biosphere (CoCEB) model formulated in Part 1 to investigate economic aspects of deforestation control and carbon sequestration in forests, as well as the efficiency of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies as policy measures for climate change mitigation.

We consider the problem of stopping a diffusion process with a payoff functional involving probability distortion. We study stopping decisions of naïve agents who reoptimize continuously in time, as well as equilibrium strategies of sophisticated agents who anticipate but lack control over their future selves’ behaviors.

Article published in Environmental and Resource Economics – September 2017 Abstract. We consider a partial equilibrium model to study the optimal phasing out of...  

Common dynamical properties of business cycle fluctuations are studied in a sample of more than 100 countries that represent economic regions from all around the world.

The CoCEB model is used to evaluate hypotheses on the long-term effect of investment in emission abatement, and on the comparative efficacy of different approaches to abatement. While many studies in the literature treat abatement costs as an unproductive loss of income, we show that mitigation costs do slow down economic growth over the...

Article published in Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications (August 2017). Abstract. In this paper we consider some elementary and fair zero-sum games...  

This paper presents novel approach about ethnic polarization in a country and extends its relevance beyond social conflict and civil wars to subjective well-being (SWB) and relational capabilities construct.

This paper presents a family of multidimensional poverty indexes that measure poverty as a function of the extent and the intensity of poverty.

Published in Energy Policy June 2017. This paper studies merger incentives for polluting Cournot firms under a competitive tradable emission permits market.

Published in Energy Policy - Vol 104 - May 2017. We study the importance in terms of CO2 emissions the extra amount of energy necessary to cover losses. With this purpose we use Spanish market and system data with hourly frequency from 2011 to 2013. Our results show that indeed electricity losses significantly...

The article examines whether the extra-financial performance of countries on environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors matters for sovereign bonds markets. Using a panel regression model over a data set with 23 OECD countries from 2007 to 2012, it shows that ESG ratings significantly decrease government bond spreads.

Alena Kotelnikova – Doctoral thesis presented on Oct. 3 2016 – Université Paris Saclay and Ecole Polytechnique. What economic and policy framework would foster...  

Abstract: The stagflation phenomenon is regarded as one of the cause of the Keynesian paradigm breakdown in the 1970s. The New Classical school took...  

This paper is published in Papiers de Recherche AFD, n°2015-17, Décembre. Abstract : This paper, on the one hand, goes a step closer to...  

Paper published in  Energy Policy – November 2015. The economic implications of oil price shocks have been extensively studied since the 1970s’. Despite this...  

In the last decade a growing articulation of the business strategy of the firms with some specific global societal challenge in line with its...  

In Europe the transport sector contributes about 25% of total GHG emissions, 75% of which come from road transport. Contrarily to industrial emissions road...  

Impact investments are emerging as a new asset class of social finance, sometimes driven by multinational enterprises as part of their strategic corporate social...  

Impact investments are emerging as a new asset class of social finance. The article is based on on a three year action-research program conducted with Schneider Electric. It analyzes the perceptions of the Schneider Electric impact investing fund’s managers’ regarding emerging societal performance management procedures they were urged to adopt. 

Abstract. The standard history of macroeconomics considers Lucas (1976)– “the Lucas Critique” –as a path-breaking innovation for the discipline. According to this view Lucas’s...  

The effects of oil shocks in inflation and growth have been widely discussed in the literature, however few have focused on the impact of...  

The recent literature on fossil energy has already stated that oil is not perfectly substitutable to other inputs, considering fossil fuel as a critical...  

Le laboratoire GAEL (Grenoble Applied Economics Laboratory) et la Chaire Energie et Prospérité organisent un workshop sur l’économie de la bioénergie les jeudi 9 et vendredi 10 octobre 2025 sur le campus universitaire de Grenoble.

Séminaire en présence d'Adam George (SOAS, University of London). Adam George présente un modèle macroéconomique SFC environnemental britannique intégrant émissions de CO2 et investissements verts de tous les agents économiques. Le modèle trimestriel analyse l'impact des politiques énergétiques selon le rapport capital vert/capital conventionnel. Quatre scénarios fiscaux verts sont testés (2022-2035) : taxe carbone, investissement...

This one-day workshop brings together researchers working on the design, evaluation, and impact of climate policies aimed at fostering the development and diffusion of low-carbon technologies. The presentations will cover a range of topics including the regulation of urban transport emissions, the integration of carbon dioxide removal into energy markets, the strategic adoption of...

Ce séminaire porte sur la finance solidaire et la finance à impact qui sont considérées comme des modes de financement alternatifs ou complémentaires aux circuits financiers traditionnels. Il interroge en particulier l’évolution de ces deux types de finances au regard de leurs objectifs affichés, étant donné leur essor important depuis une quinzaine d’années.

Ce séminaire vise à mettre en perspective les pratiques dites de management climat des entreprises, en se focalisant en particulier sur le rôle des normes de durabilité comme levier de décarbonation des entreprises.

The event will address the crucial intersection between global energy transition and development, with a specific focus on exploring effective policy instruments.

The Chairs Armand Peugeot, Energy and Prosperity, and Climate Economics are organizing, on December 6th an 7th, 2023, the 10th edition of the annual international Conference on Mobility Challenges.

The workshop aims to identify the key uncertainties and debates regarding the role of bioenergy in a climate neutral economy, at national and global scales, and the challenges for the design of climate policies.

La 9ème édition de la conférence internationale sur les défis de la mobilité réunit des professionnels des mondes académiques et industriels pour explorer les défis majeurs à l'interface des industries automobiles, énergétique et de la mobilité. Le premier jour sera consacré à une série d'interventions et de tables rondes ; le second jour sera...

Comme l’a rappelé le GIEC dans son rapport d’avril 2022, les flux financiers sont très éloignés de la trajectoire qui conduirait aux objectifs d’une économie bas-carbone. Face à la « double matérialité » du risque écologique pour le secteur financier, le cadre prudentiel actuel présente des limites.

The Chair Energy and Prosperity Chair is organizing on Decembre 14, an international webconference on mobility challenges in partnership with the Chair Armand Peugeot Chair and Climate Economics Chair.

We conduct a survey about the perception of physical distancing and the individual motivations for applying it. Thank you for your participation !

Speach from Jean-Daniel KANT (Sorbonne Université Sciences, LIP6)at the Research Seminar of the Chair Energy and Prosperity on March 15.

Speech from Daniel Bastidas and Fatma Rostom about "The use of physical and monetary data in the GEMMES modele"

Intervention de Paul Brockway (University of Leeds, UK) pour un exposé intitulé: Could energetic constraints be slowing economic growth?

France Stratégie and the Chair Energy et Prosperity are teaming up to organize a workshop on the contribution of the financial system to the energy transition and climate stabilization. The

Le séminaire "Modélisation de la transition écologique" vise à favoriser les échanges entre membres de la Chaire appartenant à des institutions différentes. Michael Ghils interviendra sur le sujet "Coupled Climate–Economics Modeling and Data Analysis: Endogenous Business Cycles and Fluctuation–Dissipation Theory"

The Chair Energy and Prosperity is partner of the International Symposium on Money, Banking and Finance, annual meeting of the European Research Group on Money Banking and Finance.

The workshop will promote exchanges between research scientists with decision makers on the key issue of land transportation for mitigating climate change. Call for paper open untill June 30.

Agenda  Welcome speech (Béatrice Jarrige)  Presentation of the chair activities for the coming trimester coming on“The energetic transition in transports “ (Jean-Pierre Ponssard)  Aurélien Bigo...  

Subject of the worskshop “CO2 pricing and sectoral complementary policies” Climate policies are multi-faceted: along with carbon pricing, multiple targeted sectoral policies are now...